1.1.1 Characteristics of rivers and drainage basins: the long profile, width, depth, speed of flow/velocity, discharge, wetted perimeter, channel, watershed, tributary, confluence, source, mouth.

1.1.2 The Bradshaw model.

1.1.3 How the drainage basin operates within the water cycle.

1.1.4 Processes which operate in a drainage basin: precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, overland flow, channel flow, throughflow, groundwater flow, transpiration, evaporation, evapotranspiration.

1.1.5 Processes which operate within a river:
• erosion; hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution
• transportation; traction, suspension, saltation, solution
• deposition.

1.2.1 The characteristics and formation of landforms: waterfalls, rapids, gorges, V-shaped valleys, meanders, oxbow lakes, levées, floodplains, deltas, interlocking spurs, potholes

1.3.1 The opportunities and hazards of living near a river.

1.3.2 The human and natural causes of river flooding.

1.3.3 The impacts of river flooding.

1.3.4 An evaluation of the strategies and techniques used to manage river flooding; including sustainable.

1.3.5 The human causes of river pollution.

1.3.6 The impacts of river pollution.

1.3.7 An evaluation of the strategies and techniques used to manage river pollution; including sustainable.

1.3.8 One detailed specific example to include:
• the causes and impacts of a flood for a named river
• the strategies and techniques used to manage the flooding of the river; including sustainable.

1.3.9 One detailed specific example to include:
• the causes and impacts of pollution in a named river
• the strategies and techniques used to manage pollution levels in the river; including sustainable.